illegal subs

Question
ASA/NSA Rules
What is the penalty for an illegal sub both on offense and defense.
What is the penalty for an unreported sub on offense or defense.
If the substitituiton(reported or unreported) is intentional, is there a potential penalty to the coach.

Answer
Unreported
Ok, there is a bunch that can happen depending on who reports the unreported sub and when it is reported

When reported by the offending team, the error is corrected in the books, no penalty is applied.

When reported by the opposition
After any pitch, or any play, player is disqualified

URS reaches first base and is discovered before the next pitch, or the defense has left the field or before the umpires have left the field, all runners return to last base occupied, URS is out and disqualified, all other outs made on the play stand.

Change before the next pitch to after the next pitch, the URS is disqulified, a legal sub may take their place on base and the results of the play stand

If the URS comes to the attention of the umpire prior to any pitch, no problem, report them.  This is the same if the offense reports and URS on defense.

If an URS makes a play on defense and this is protested prior to the next pitch, the offense has the option of taking the results of the play or returning the batter to the batter's box and resuming with where they left off in the count.  The URS is disqualified.

If the protest is made after the next pitch, the play stands and the URS is disqualified.

As far as intentional, I don't know of any additional penalty for the coach.  Intent in this situation would be pretty hard to determine.