Rigging Backing, line, leader, tippet...

Question
Gary, I'm a new (okay REALLY new) fly fisherman.  I've got my backing and line on my reel, but how long should my leader be and how long should my tippett be?  Also, I'm fishing with a 4/5 rod and have the appropriate backing and line (I asked the guy at the store to set me up appropriately and he seemed to know what he was about), but... I don't know what I should be using for the leader and what I should be using for the tippet.  Is this just different strengths of monofiliment?  If so, what strengths should I be using with a 4/5?

Answer
Roderic,
Welcome to flyfishing, this is a good question to ask. The size and length of leader will depend on the type of fishing you will be doing and whether you will be using floating or sinking line.

Generally speaking, with floating line and the size rod you are using, you should use about a 7' to 10' leader. If you are using a sinking line, you will want to use a about a 5' to 7' leader.

As far as leaders are concerned, you can purchase tapered leaders or as you suggested, use different strengths of monofilament (this is what I do). Making your own leader gives you versatility with changing length, size, and tippet. Tapered leaders usually have a short tippet section which after a few fly changes and snags, it will be too short.

If you are tying your own leader, you will start with a heavy butt section of about 13lb to 18lb test and about 20" to 24" in length. After the butt section, gradually decrease the lb test of each section and make them approximately 15" in length. When you get to the last section, make your tippet about 24" to 30" in length.

Your tippet lb test will be determined by the size fish you're after. Generally for average trout, you can use from 2lb to to 6lb and for bass you might use 4lb to 8lb. There are many variables depending on the type of water you're fishing (lake, stream, river) and whether the fish are "leader shy" or easily spooked.    

I hope this helps, good luck!

Gary