playint within a hazard (red stake)

Question
Mr. Hoffman,
My opponent (brother) hit his second shot on a par 5 hole on the edge of a water hazard in front of the green. Red stakes were around the banks of the water.  He had to stand in the water to get a decent swing at the ball.  He grounded the club several times trying to maintain his balance and not fall in the water. Is there an exception to grounding your club while in a hazard.  Also, can you touch the tops of blades of grass while in a hazard as long as the ball doesn't move.  While were at it (a full day of infractions) a put hit the flag while the flag was lying flat on the putting surface.  A practice chipping stroke hit and moved the ball. (the ball was replaced in the original location, assuming this matters)  Thanks for your help.  The brothers Four are fairly competitive but its great family fun.  Dan Mundinger

Answer
Dan,

There is no penalty as your brother was not touching the hazard to test the conditions, he was simply trying to keep his balance.

If the ball is on the green and when putted hits the flagstick there would be a two shot penalty.

No penalty on the practice chipping stroke that hit the ball. Ball was replaced. Good move.

Thanks,

Michael Hoffman